The Bennington is a natural slate table lamp. The lamp comes with a 16" diameter square fabric shade and has a three way switch.
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Effective and successful performance within the operating room is enhanced by having lighting which does not cause visual, operational and environmental difficulties such as: glare, shadowing or visual stress.
The operating room environment requires a combination of satisfactory ambient lighting and effective direct and indirect task lighting. The ability to adjust these lighting levels and change their characteristics enables room staff to be more effective. Incorrect or poor lighting can impact on the patient, through poor performance and impaired effectiveness which may cause lengthened procedures through uncertainty, or even errors.
The wellbeing of the surgeon, the anesthetist and surgical team may also be adversely affected, while the quality and safety of the working environment will be impaired by poor ambient lighting.
According to studies, a very long time is usually spent for proper light adjustment. The lighting requirements for particular surgical specialties are so diverse that the individual requirements for each specialty must be taken into account when selecting room lighting.
The following points should be kept in mind during the design of the operating rooms and selecting the lighting system for the operating room:
Adjustability - the design of the lighting unit and how it can adapt to meet individual requirements.
Brightness - the amount of light delivered by a source in order to illuminate a specific surgical area.
Control - selection of a good design and an appropriate light source will help the systems integrate into the operating room environment. However, flexibility and adjustability in the lighting system (amount of light or spread of light, for example) will accommodate a wider range of tasks and activities.
Good color rendition is important in the operating rooms, intensive care rooms, examination rooms and in the treatments rooms.
In the operating rooms, a backup electric system should be available in the case of power failure.
There are typically three basic types of lamp used within an operating room environment: incandescent, gas discharge and Light Emitting Diodes (LED).
Incandescent and gas discharge lamps have traditionally been the main lamp type, utilizing halogen, tungsten, xenon and quartz. However, other types of lighting are now emerging onto the market in several forms, particularly LEDs.
1. Technical parameters.
The following parameters should be considered:
2. Central illuminance: This is the value of illuminance (LUX) at 1meter in the center of the light field.
3. Depth of illumination: The distance under the light-emitting area where the illumination reaches 20% of the central illuminance.
4. Light field diameter (50%): Diameter of light field where the illumination reaches 50% of the central iluminance.
5. Light field diameter (10%): Diameter of light field where the illumination reaches 10% of the central illuminance.
6. Color rendition index: The measure of the color spectrum of the light, made up from 9 measurements of each visible color.
7. Color temperature: Perceived coolness or warmth of light (measured in degrees Kelvin). Some LED lamps permit the ability to adjust the color temperature, which allows a surgical team to manipulate the light characteristics, and therefore facilitate tissue differentiation.
8. Radiant energy (Watt): Heat is produced from the light source in the form of infra-red radiation, which is felt by any person in the field of the radiation. This can provide an uncomfortable working environment not only for the surgeon, but the whole surgical team, as well as the patient. It may also hamper the operation by causing the wound tissue to dry out, especially during longer procedures.
The standard for operating room lighting:
IEC -60601-2-41
If you have ever ordered rawhide lamp shades or any type of lampshade for that matter over the phone or online, you know it can be a challenging task. It can be very frustrating because different people measure lampshades differently.
The whole matter is complicated by telephone conversations and internet ordering. If you know how you should measure a shade to get the proper fit and also communicate the correct size, you will avoid problems and receive the lamp shade you are expecting.
It doesn't matter if the shade is made of rawhide or not, there are a few tips you should know to correctly measure and order a shade and also terminology that will help you insure that the person receiving your order is on the same track. We create custom rawhide lamp shades for rustic western lamps and southwest home decorating. Because we encounter this issue all the time we have some tips that we use to insure the correct look for a lamp, even without seeing the lamp ourselves.
How to measure:
1. You will need to have three key measurements, bottom diameter, top diameter and height. The bottom diameter is the measurement across the bottom opening of the lamp shade. The top diameter is the distance across the top opening of the shade. The height of a lampshade should be measured straight up and down vertically, not along the slant.
This is where the confusion begins. When communicating the measurements different individuals and stores will place the three dimensions in different order, it's not standard, so be careful that you are not confusing the bottom and height measurements for example.
2. The height should be measured straight up and down, but some will measure along the slant. These two measurements can be quite different and cause the finished shade to be incorrect if confused. Always clarify how the height is measured. We have found that many people who measure the slant of the shade refer to it as the shade's length rather than height.
Height Measuring Tip:
The reason you should measure height up and down, vertically, is that the height measurement of your lamp from bulb socket base to top of harp is probably the minimum vertical height you will want to cover the electrical components with the shade
Height Adjustment Tip:
If you are considering a stock replacement shade, your lamp's overall height and look can be adjusted. The wire harp that holds the shade over the bulb is interchangeable. That is great news if a standard shade is say an inch to short. Rather than having to order a custom shade you could change the harp causing the shade to sit lower on the lamp to give you the desired look.
Shade Mounting Type:
A standard shade mount has a center bar across the top with a hole for the harp mount or a washer centered by three supports that attach to the top rim of the shade. Both allow the shade to be secured to the harp. Some smaller lamps and chandeliers don't use a harp but instead use a bulb clip to attach directly to the bulb. A bulb clip is simply two wire loops that are attached to the shade's center bar and grip the bulb.
An bulb clip adapter can be added to any standard shade to allow it to be placed over the bulb. Chandelier lamp shades usually have built-in bulb clips made for the small flame or candelabra shaped bulbs. Shades used as hanging lamps may use an uno mount which has a center ring large enough for the bulb socket to pass through. These also appear on some table lamps. You can use a bulb clip on a replacement shade instead of an uno mount.
Try putting these simple tips to work on your next rawhide lamp shade or replacement lampshade project and you will be sure to measure, order and receive the right size lamp shade the first time.
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